{"id":1748,"date":"2023-05-10T12:50:01","date_gmt":"2023-05-10T11:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/?p=1748"},"modified":"2023-05-10T13:10:40","modified_gmt":"2023-05-10T12:10:40","slug":"je-libo-mzdu-nebo-plat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/?p=1748","title":{"rendered":"Je libo mzdu, nebo plat?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Sebev\u011bdom\u00fd kolega, kter\u00fd \u2013 jak tvrd\u00ed \u2013 je zna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00fd svou prac\u00ed (Tak pro\u010d sed\u00ed v&nbsp;m\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159i u\u017e dobrou hodinu?!), se mnou diskutuje o sv\u00e9m platu. Z\u0159ejm\u011b se na\u0161e p\u0159edstavy o v\u00fdkonu a odm\u011bn\u011b za tento v\u00fdkon zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. Uzav\u00edr\u00e1m diskuzi se slovy, \u017ee o platu se nedomlouv\u00e1me, ale \u017ee ho ur\u010duje zam\u011bstnavatel. Kolega bouchne do stolu a hl\u00e1s\u00ed, \u017ee za takovou <strong>mzdu<\/strong> tady pracovat rozhodn\u011b nebude. Vy\u010derpan\u00e1 odpov\u00edm, \u017ee nemus\u00ed, proto\u017ee ho neodm\u011b\u0148ujeme mzdou, ale \u017ee dost\u00e1v\u00e1 <strong>plat. <\/strong>Vyd\u011b\u0161en\u011b na m\u011b kouk\u00e1 a odch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b prozkoumat zbl\u00edzka svoji v\u00fdplatn\u00ed p\u00e1sku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina smrteln\u00edk\u016f v\u016fbec netu\u0161\u00ed, jestli pracuje za mzdu nebo za plat, jestli se o platu \u010di mzd\u011b diskutuje, nebo o nich zam\u011bstnavatel rozhodne a hotovo. Takov\u00fdm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm asi sta\u010d\u00ed p\u00edpnut\u00ed mobiln\u00ed bankovn\u00ed aplikace, \u017ee v\u00fdplata n\u011b\u010deho (plat nebo mzda) dorazila a v\u00edce nen\u00ed t\u0159eba. K&nbsp;\u010demu je pak dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, jestli m\u00e1te mzdu nebo plat? A jestli m\u00e1te pr\u00e1vo o n\u00ed diskutovat? Posu\u010fte sami, je-li to k&nbsp;n\u011b\u010demu dobr\u00e9. A v\u011b\u0159te mi, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u00edly, kter\u00e9 se do\u010dtete d\u00e1le, jsou skute\u010dn\u011b jen malou uk\u00e1zkou toho, jak mohou b\u00fdt mzda i plat odli\u0161n\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/paragraf.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/paragraf.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1749\" width=\"582\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/paragraf.jpg 739w, https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/paragraf-300x263.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7 109 odst. 1 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 262\/2006 Sb., z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f (d\u00e1le jen z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce) \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee za vykonanou pr\u00e1ci m\u00e1te n\u00e1rok na:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>mzdu<\/li><li>plat<\/li><li>odm\u011bnu<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Odm\u011bny<\/strong> v&nbsp;posledn\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017ece \u00fapln\u011b vynech\u00e1me, proto\u017ee odm\u011bna, o kter\u00e9 z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce hovo\u0159\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed za pr\u00e1ci vykon\u00e1vanou na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 z&nbsp;dohod mimo pracovn\u00ed pom\u011br (dohoda o pracovn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, dohoda o proveden\u00ed pr\u00e1ce).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak si asi te\u010f \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te, \u017ee si tedy m\u016f\u017eete vybrat, jestli dostanete plat nebo mzdu. A to jste na omylu! Zam\u011bstnavatele, kte\u0159\u00ed vypl\u00e1c\u00ed za vykonanou pr\u00e1ci <strong>plat,<\/strong> definuje \u00a7 109 odst. 3 z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem takzvan\u00ed <strong>ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9,<\/strong> nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u00e1t, \u00fazemn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vn\u00fd celek atd. Ostatn\u00ed \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161inou tedy <strong>soukromopr\u00e1vn\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9<\/strong> \u2013 poskytuj\u00ed za pr\u00e1ci <strong>mzdu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A je k&nbsp;n\u011b\u010demu d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, jestli m\u00e1te mzdu nebo plat? Je-li to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, m\u016f\u017eete dovodit u\u017e ze dvou nadpis\u016f v&nbsp;z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce. Nadpis k \u00a7 113 z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce zn\u00ed: <strong>Sjedn\u00e1n\u00ed, stanoven\u00ed nebo ur\u010den\u00ed mzdy.<\/strong> Zat\u00edmco v \u00a7 122 z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce m\u00e1 uveden nadpis: <strong>Ur\u010den\u00ed platu.<\/strong> Byst\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed u\u017e tu\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee mzda se d\u00e1 sjednat, stanovit nebo ur\u010dit, zat\u00edmco plat se d\u00e1 pouze ur\u010dit. A te\u010f babo ra\u010f! Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b r\u00e1da porad\u00edm\ud83d\ude0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poj\u010fme si vysv\u011btlit, jak se mzda stanovuje a sjedn\u00e1v\u00e1, a jako posledn\u00ed si vysv\u011btl\u00edme, jak se mzda ur\u010duje, nebo\u0165 to je spole\u010dn\u00e9 pro mzdu i plat. Je nutn\u00e9 podotknout, jste-li odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mzdou, \u017ee z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed pouze na Va\u0161em zam\u011bstnavateli, jestli V\u00e1m plat stanov\u00ed, sjedn\u00e1 nebo ur\u010d\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b dopady t\u011bchto \u010dinnost\u00ed jsou odli\u0161n\u00e9. Za\u010dn\u011bme sjedn\u00e1n\u00edm mzdy. <strong>Mzda, pokud se sjedn\u00e1v\u00e1, tak se na n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b dohodnete se sv\u00fdm zam\u011bstnavatelem v&nbsp;n\u011bjak\u00e9 smlouv\u011b.<\/strong> Zpravidla se jedn\u00e1 o pracovn\u00ed smlouvu. To je pro zam\u011bstnance velmi v\u00fdhodn\u00e9. Pokud by V\u00e1m jako zam\u011bstnanci toti\u017e zam\u011bstnavatel cht\u011bl mzdu sn\u00ed\u017eit, je t\u0159eba zm\u011bnit pracovn\u00ed smlouvu a zm\u011bna pracovn\u00ed smlouvy je mo\u017en\u00e1 jen formou p\u00edsemn\u00e9ho dodatku se souhlasem obou smluvn\u00edch stran, tedy jak zam\u011bstnavatele, tak zam\u011bstnance. Takov\u00fd \u00fakon ozna\u010dujeme jako <strong>dvoustrann\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong> Naopak: Pokud by zam\u011bstnanec cht\u011bl mzdu zv\u00fd\u0161it, mus\u00ed se zam\u011bstnavatelem dohodnout op\u011bt formou p\u00edsemn\u00e9ho dodatku, kter\u00fd svobodn\u011b a v\u00e1\u017en\u011b stvrd\u00ed ob\u011b smluvn\u00ed strany. Shrneme-li v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9, pak plat\u00ed, \u017ee pokud je mzda sjedn\u00e1na, jak\u00e1koli zm\u011bna, a\u0165 u\u017e k&nbsp;lep\u0161\u00edmu nebo hor\u0161\u00edmu z&nbsp;pohledu zam\u011bstnance, je nutn\u00e9 ji znovu sjednat = dohodnout se spole\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je-li mzda stanovena, pak zpravidla kolektivn\u00ed smlouvou nebo vnit\u0159n\u00edm p\u0159edpisem. <strong>Jedn\u00e1 se hromadn\u00fd zp\u016fsob. <\/strong>Nap\u0159\u00edklad zam\u011bstnavatel v\u00a0z\u00e1me\u010dnick\u00e9 d\u00edln\u011b stanov\u00ed, \u017ee v\u0161ichni z\u00e1me\u010dn\u00edci budou m\u00edt mzdu 40.000 K\u010d hrub\u00e9ho. Nebo m\u016f\u017ee u zam\u011bstnavatele p\u016fsobit odborov\u00e1 organizace, kter\u00e1 u zam\u011bstnavatele vyjedn\u00e1 do kolektivn\u00ed smlouvy z\u00e1vazek, \u017ee v\u0161ichni z\u00e1me\u010dn\u00edci budou m\u00edt mzdu 40.000 K\u010d a ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se bude plat valorizovat o ro\u010dn\u00ed m\u00edru inflace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011br v\u011bnujeme spole\u010dn\u00e9mu zp\u016fsobu jak pro mzdu, tak pro plat, a t\u00edm je <strong>ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/strong> Mzdu jde krom\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho i ur\u010dit, plat m\u016f\u017ee zam\u011bstnavatel <strong>pouze ur\u010dit.<\/strong> Ur\u010den\u00ed mzdy nebo platu je oproti stanoven\u00ed mzdy <strong>individu\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fakonem.<\/strong> To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jej u\u010din\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel v\u016f\u010di zam\u011bstnanci n\u011bjak\u00fdm dokumentem. Jedn\u00e1-li se o mzdu, takov\u00fd dokument se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 mzdov\u00fd v\u00fdm\u011br. Jedn\u00e1-li se o plat, takov\u00fd dokument nese n\u00e1zev platov\u00fd v\u00fdm\u011br. Na rozd\u00edl od sjedn\u00e1n\u00ed mzdy, kter\u00e9 je dvoustrann\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, je <strong>ur\u010den\u00ed platu jednostrann\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm zam\u011bstnavatele v\u016f\u010di zam\u011bstnanci. <\/strong>Stru\u010dn\u011b a jasn\u011b: zam\u011bstnavatel \u0159ekne, kolik budete br\u00e1t, a pro diskuzi nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 prostoru. Jak\u00e1koli zm\u011bna se provede op\u011bt mzdov\u00fdm v\u00fdm\u011brem nebo platov\u00fdm v\u00fdm\u011brem podle druhu odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed (mzda nebo plat) jednostrann\u011b ze strany zam\u011bstnavatele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 V\u00e1m te\u010f b\u011b\u017e\u00ed hlavou, \u017ee ur\u010den\u00ed je asi ten nejhor\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob a jste odevzd\u00e1ni do libov\u016fle sv\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnavatele. Nebojte, ur\u010dit\u011b nejste! Existuj\u00ed takov\u00e9 instituty jako minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzda (i minim\u00e1ln\u00ed plat), nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 zaru\u010den\u00e9 mzdy (i zaru\u010den\u00e9ho platu), \u00fastavn\u00ed z\u00e1sada za stejnou pr\u00e1ci stejn\u00e1 odm\u011bna, z\u00e1kaz diskriminace apod. Nepodl\u00e9h\u00e1te n\u011b\u010d\u00ed moment\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1lad\u011b ani p\u0159i ur\u010den\u00ed mzdy a platu. M\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd je z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce u mzdy. Takov\u00fdm zam\u011bstnavatel\u016fm ukl\u00e1d\u00e1, aby ka\u017edou zm\u011bnu ozn\u00e1mil p\u00edsemn\u011b. Zam\u011bstnavatel\u016fm odm\u011b\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm platem nav\u00edc ukl\u00e1d\u00e1, aby tuto zm\u011bnu zd\u016fvodnili. Plat se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z&nbsp;n\u011bkolika \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladem je platov\u00fd tarif, kter\u00fd je tvo\u0159en platovou t\u0159\u00eddou a platov\u00fdm stupn\u011bm a dal\u0161\u00ed b\u011b\u017enou slo\u017ekou je osobn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edplatek. Ustanoven\u00ed \u00a7 131 z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce ho definuje jako nepovinnou (fakultativn\u00ed) slo\u017eku, kterou zam\u011bstnavatel m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159iznat zam\u011bstnanci, kter\u00fd pln\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozsah \u00fakol\u016f ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci nebo takov\u00e9mu zam\u011bstnanci, kter\u00fd dosahuje velmi dobr\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ale pozor! Fakultativn\u00ed slo\u017ekou je osobn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edplatek do chv\u00edle, ne\u017e je p\u0159izn\u00e1n. Pot\u00e9 se st\u00e1v\u00e1, za podm\u00ednek, za kter\u00fdch byl p\u0159izn\u00e1n, slo\u017ekou obligatorn\u00ed. O t\u00e9to skute\u010dnosti se ale nedo\u010dtete v&nbsp;z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce, ale ve skute\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch, kter\u00e9 posuzuje n\u011bkter\u00fd z&nbsp;na\u0161ich soud\u016f. Z&nbsp;t\u011bch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch m\u016f\u017eeme zm\u00ednit rozsudek Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu ze dne 22.01.2014, sp. zn.21 Cdo 1752\/2013. Zde se ne \u00fapln\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u011b (po pr\u00e1vn\u00ed str\u00e1nce) k&nbsp;zam\u011bstnanci chovala obec Hazlov. Odejmuli zam\u011bstnanci osobn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edplatek s&nbsp;t\u00edm, \u017ee u\u017e nedosahuje velmi dobr\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Um\u00edte si to p\u0159edstavit? Pracujete jako matrik\u00e1\u0159ka s&nbsp;osobn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edplatkem 6.200 K\u010d, nikdo V\u00e1m nic nevyt\u00fdk\u00e1. Ne\u017e V\u00e1m p\u0159istane v\u00fdtka ve form\u011b nov\u00e9ho platov\u00e9ho v\u00fdm\u011bru bez osobn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edplatku. Tedy minus 6.200 K\u010d. A to je \u0161patn\u011b \u2013 jak \u0159ekl tak\u00e9 Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud. A takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nen\u00ed m\u00e1lo. Zam\u011bstnanec a zam\u011bstnavatel toti\u017e nemaj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Zam\u011bstnavatel o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon za n\u00edzkou mzdu \u010di plat, zam\u011bstnanec (v\u00fdjimky samoz\u0159ejm\u011b potvrzuj\u00ed pravidlo) o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00fd plat za n\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdkon. Porad\u00edte, jak naj\u00edt spole\u010dnou \u0159e\u010d? Pokud ne, tak si alespo\u0148 zapamatujte, \u017ee jedin\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak obdr\u017eet plat, je ten, \u017ee V\u00e1m ho zam\u011bstnavatel ur\u010d\u00ed platov\u00fdm v\u00fdm\u011brem. Jin\u00fd zp\u016fsob je v&nbsp;rozporu s&nbsp;pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem. A se mzdou si zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9 d\u011blejte \u2013 v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b \u2013 co chcete. Ov\u0161em s&nbsp;ohledem na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/FotkyFoto_56791243_M.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/FotkyFoto_56791243_M.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1751\" srcset=\"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/FotkyFoto_56791243_M.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/FotkyFoto_56791243_M-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/FotkyFoto_56791243_M-768x521.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sebev\u011bdom\u00fd kolega, kter\u00fd \u2013 jak tvrd\u00ed \u2013 je zna\u010dn\u011b p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00fd svou prac\u00ed (Tak pro\u010d sed\u00ed v&nbsp;m\u00e9 kancel\u00e1\u0159i u\u017e dobrou hodinu?!), se mnou diskutuje o sv\u00e9m platu. Z\u0159ejm\u011b se na\u0161e p\u0159edstavy o v\u00fdkonu a odm\u011bn\u011b za tento v\u00fdkon zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. Uzav\u00edr\u00e1m diskuzi se slovy, \u017ee o platu se nedomlouv\u00e1me, ale \u017ee ho ur\u010duje zam\u011bstnavatel. Kolega bouchne&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-z-prace"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1748","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1748"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1748\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1754,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1748\/revisions\/1754"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1748"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1748"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1748"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}