{"id":1798,"date":"2023-06-11T13:03:51","date_gmt":"2023-06-11T12:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/?p=1798"},"modified":"2023-06-11T13:03:51","modified_gmt":"2023-06-11T12:03:51","slug":"slovni-urazka-nadrizeneho-uz-neni-in-ted-leti-emotikony-%f0%9f%98%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/?p=1798","title":{"rendered":"Slovn\u00ed ur\u00e1\u017eka nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho u\u017e nen\u00ed in, te\u010f let\u00ed emotikony \ud83d\ude0a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201eCo to m\u00e1\u0161 s obli\u010dejem?!\u201c<\/strong> hl\u00e1s\u00ed mi m\u016fj pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd po n\u011bkolika sklenk\u00e1ch v\u00edna na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm ve\u010d\u00edrku. Sebev\u011bdom\u011b odv\u011bt\u00edm, \u017ee by ho m\u011blo sp\u00ed\u0161 zaj\u00edmat to, co m\u00e1m v hlav\u011b a ne to, co m\u00e1m na hlav\u011b. T\u00edm konverzaci na toto t\u00e9ma ukon\u010d\u00edm, i kdy\u017e si pln\u011b uv\u011bdomuji, \u017ee po z\u00e1kroku na sv\u00fdch povadl\u00fdch v\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch nevypad\u00e1m asi zrovna sv\u011b\u017ee. Tent\u00fd\u017e kolega o p\u016fl roku pozd\u011bji chv\u00e1l\u00ed m\u016fj mladistv\u00fd vzhled. Sna\u017e\u00edm se p\u0159ej\u00edt jeho evidentn\u00ed nar\u00e1\u017eku, nebo\u0165 se sna\u017e\u00edm z dcery prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Whatsappu vyt\u00e1hnout, co nov\u00e9ho ve \u0161kole. Konverzace vypad\u00e1 asi takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u00e1: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U\u017e jsi doma ze \u0161koly
Dcera: \ud83d\ude02
J\u00e1: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Co bylo ve \u0161kole?
Dcera: \ud83d\ude4f\ud83c\udffb
J\u00e1: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 U\u017e se u\u010d\u00ed\u0161?
Dcera: \ud83d\ude2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1m si myslet, \u017ee se j\u00ed vymazala kl\u00e1vesnice s p\u00edsmeny. Pos\u00edl\u00e1m smajl\u00edka, kter\u00e9mu z nosu unik\u00e1 p\u00e1ra<\/strong> a chci oponovat kolegovi, ale ten u\u017e konverzaci se mnou stejn\u011b vzdal, proto\u017ee m\u016fj pohled nesm\u011b\u0159uje na n\u011bj, ale na m\u016fj mobiln\u00ed telefon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pamatuji dobu, kdy jsem ve sv\u00e9m mobilu m\u011bla jednoho smajl\u00edka a byla jsem za n\u011bj vd\u011b\u010dn\u00e1. Nyn\u00ed mnohdy kouk\u00e1m na displej mobilu a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm, co asi tento smajl\u00edk m\u00e1 vyjad\u0159ovat. Onehdy byli v\u0161ichni smajl\u00edci usm\u011bvav\u00ed (koneckonc\u016f slovo p\u0159eci vzniklo ze slova smile = \u00fasm\u011bv), ale dneska? V\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 i nemo\u017en\u00e9 druhy j\u00eddel a pit\u00ed, mra\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se smajl\u00edci, pras\u00e1tka, opi\u010dky a r\u016fzn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tka. Tak\u017ee opou\u0161t\u00edm ozna\u010den\u00ed smajl\u00edk, proto\u017ee v\u016fbec nevystihuje pestrou \u0161k\u00e1lu dne\u0161n\u00edch obr\u00e1zk\u016f, kter\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me pro online konverzaci a sm\u00ed\u0159\u00edm se s ne\u010desk\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm emoji<\/strong> nebo emotikon.<\/strong> Tato slova u\u017e p\u0159ece jen p\u0159esn\u011bji ozna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o obr\u00e1zek, kter\u00fd vyjad\u0159uje jakoukoli emoci, nejen tu pozitivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emotikony<\/strong> jsou v\u0161echny ty smajl\u00edky, kter\u00e9 se p\u00ed\u0161ou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dvojte\u010dky, z\u00e1vorek, st\u0159edn\u00edku apod. Emotikony jsou obr\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 emoce. Emoji<\/strong> zahrnuj\u00ed nejen \u200b\u200bemotikony, ale vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u200b\u200baktivity, zobrazuj\u00ed j\u00eddlo, budovy, zv\u00ed\u0159ata, symboly \u010di vlajky.\u201c[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vrac\u00edm se v my\u0161lenk\u00e1ch zp\u011bt k dot\u011brn\u00e9mu kolegovi a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edm, jestli jsem v\u016fbec za jeho slova ura\u017een\u00e1. Nebo l\u00e9pe \u2013 jestli m\u00e1m b\u00fdt ura\u017een\u00e1\u2026 Zaposlouch\u00e1m se do \u0161vito\u0159en\u00ed jin\u00fdch koleg\u016f a po chvilce u\u017e nev\u00edm, \u017ee se n\u011bco stalo. Byla by situace jin\u00e1, kdyby on byl stejn\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00edk jako m\u00e1 (na slovo stroh\u00e1) dcera a poslal mi takovou n\u011bjakou hl\u00e1\u0161ku v podob\u011b emotikon\u016f? P\u0159ece jen: co je ps\u00e1no, to je d\u00e1no. Usp\u011bla bych s t\u00edm u soudu? A pro\u010d bych vlastn\u011b m\u011bla j\u00edt k soudu?! Pry\u010d s takov\u00fdm zam\u011bstnancem! \u201eM\u00e1\u0161 pad\u00e1ka!\u201c<\/strong> A p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1m, \u017ee bych za takovou v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f u soudu stanula tak\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co by na to tak \u0159ekl \u010desk\u00fd soud? N\u011bmeck\u00fd soud se k t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce u\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159il.[2]<\/a> S v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed kv\u016fli ur\u00e1\u017ece nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho v N\u011bmecku neusp\u011bjete, ale z\u0159ejm\u011b byste usp\u011bli s \u017ealobou na ochranu osobnosti. V N\u011bmecku se toti\u017e zam\u011bstnanci bavili na \u00fa\u010det nad\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, kde ho ozna\u010dili emoji pras\u00e1tka a medv\u011bd\u00ed hlavy<\/strong> (ve skute\u010dnosti to byla opi\u010d\u00ed hlava). N\u011bmeck\u00fd soud \u0159ekl, \u017ee to na v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f z pracovn\u00edho pom\u011bru nesta\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejen N\u011bmecko, ale i \u010c\u00edna u\u017e se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit n\u011bkolika soudn\u00edmi rozhodnut\u00edmi, kde hr\u00e1ly emoji hlavn\u00ed roli.[3]<\/a> V jednom p\u0159\u00edpadu psal pronaj\u00edmatel n\u00e1jemci, \u017ee mu zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1jem. N\u00e1jemce odpov\u011bd\u011bl usm\u011bvav\u00fdm slun\u00ed\u010dkem a pronaj\u00edmatel to pova\u017eoval za souhlas. <\/strong>U soudu pronaj\u00edmatel s t\u00edmto souhlasem usp\u011bl. V druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpadu obdr\u017eela osoba n\u011bkolik bomb a c\u00edtila se b\u00fdt ohro\u017eena.<\/strong> Rovn\u011b\u017e usp\u011bla v mimosoudn\u00edm vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd soud ale jedn\u00edm dechem \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdklad emotikon\u016f je zna\u010dn\u011b subjektivn\u00ed a \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed standard na v\u00fdklad emotikon\u016f. A j\u00e1 si \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m, k\u00e9\u017e by n\u011bjak\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed standard byl, proto\u017ee ob\u010das ve v\u00fdkladu t\u00e1pu a dceru u\u017e rad\u011bji nezmi\u0148uji, a\u0165 nedostane dnes \u0161kytavku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A co na emotikony \u010desk\u00e9 soudnictv\u00ed? Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed jsem \u00fa\u010dastna \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho procesu nebyla, tak \u010dist\u011b teoreticky zad\u00e1v\u00e1m slovo emotikon do vyhled\u00e1va\u010de pr\u00e1vn\u00edho informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Vykoukne na mne 16 odkaz\u016f, z toho 6 \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu, Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu nebo Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho spr\u00e1vn\u00edho soudu. Jeden ze zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f z roku 2020 \u0159e\u0161il Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud.[4]<\/a> Zde u\u017eivatel soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159il nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed nacismus. Nam\u00edtal ve sv\u00e9 obhajob\u011b, \u017ee se jednalo o legraci. Jeden z ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch soud\u016f argumentoval, \u017ee kdyby se jednalo o legraci, obsahovala by pr\u00e1v\u011b emotikony. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud tuto z\u00e1le\u017eitost stru\u010dn\u011b uzav\u0159el, \u017ee se o humor nejednalo, a to nejen z d\u016fvodu, \u017ee tam nebyly emotikony, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e z celkov\u00e9ho kontextu.<\/strong> Je vid\u011bt, \u017ee Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud zat\u00edm emotikon\u016fm velkou v\u00e1hu nep\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1. A nep\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1 ji z\u0159ejm\u011b ani n\u00e1\u0161 \u00dastavn\u00ed soud. Ten zase \u0159e\u0161il st\u00ed\u017enost obvin\u011bn\u00e9ho z trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu obecn\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed.[5]<\/a> Ani tady n\u00e1mitku st\u011b\u017eovatele, \u017ee netu\u0161il, \u017ee kon\u00e1 trestn\u00fd \u010din, nebo\u0165 u\u017e\u00edval v konverzaci emotikony, soud nijak nekomentoval. V\u0161echna ostatn\u00ed soudn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed neobsahuj\u00ed u\u017e nic z\u00e1sadn\u00edho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A jak se tedy m\u00e1m te\u010f k emotikon\u016fm postavit? Jednou m\u011b to p\u0159ece m\u016f\u017ee potkat? Ze z\u00e1padu, z N\u011bmecka, k n\u00e1m m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed inspirace v podob\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho rozsudku, z v\u00fdchodu, z \u010c\u00edny, u\u017e tak\u00e9, tak\u017ee rad\u011bji budu v komunikaci obez\u0159etn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a emoji typu pras\u00e1tka, medv\u011bd\u00ed hlavy a bomby rad\u011bji omez\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrea Kov\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1, lektorka semin\u00e1\u0159\u016f s problematikou pr\u00e1va ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1v\u011b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> Co jsou emoji a jak je pou\u017e\u00edvat – Ecommerce Bridge<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> Maj\u00ed emotikony pr\u00e1vn\u00ed v\u00fdznam? Co na to \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 judikatura? Epizoda prvn\u00ed | Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prostor (pravniprostor.cz)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Smajl\u00edk jako d\u016fkaz. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 soudy st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji rozhoduj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b emotikon\u016f – Seznam Zpr\u00e1vy (seznamzpravy.cz)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> Usnesen\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu ze dne 24.06.2021 \u010d. j. 3 Tdo 564\/2021. In ASPI [pr\u00e1vn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m]. Wolters Kluwer \u010cR, \u00a9 2000-2023. [citov\u00e1no dne 03.06.2023].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> Usnesen\u00ed \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu ze dne 28.01.2020 \u010d. j. I.\u00daS 2964\/19. In ASPI [pr\u00e1vn\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m]. Wolters Kluwer \u010cR, \u00a9 2000-2023. [citov\u00e1no dne 03.06.2023].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201eCo to m\u00e1\u0161 s obli\u010dejem?!\u201c hl\u00e1s\u00ed mi m\u016fj pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd po n\u011bkolika sklenk\u00e1ch v\u00edna na v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm ve\u010d\u00edrku. Sebev\u011bdom\u011b odv\u011bt\u00edm, \u017ee by ho m\u011blo sp\u00ed\u0161 zaj\u00edmat to, co m\u00e1m v hlav\u011b a ne to, co m\u00e1m na hlav\u011b. T\u00edm konverzaci na toto t\u00e9ma ukon\u010d\u00edm, i kdy\u017e si pln\u011b uv\u011bdomuji, \u017ee po z\u00e1kroku na sv\u00fdch povadl\u00fdch v\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch nevypad\u00e1m asi zrovna…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-z-prace"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1798","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1798"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1798\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1799,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1798\/revisions\/1799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1798"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1798"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1798"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}