{"id":2684,"date":"2025-10-27T06:53:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T05:53:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/?p=2684"},"modified":"2025-10-27T06:57:04","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T05:57:04","slug":"mizejici-podpis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/?p=2684","title":{"rendered":"Mizej\u00edc\u00ed podpis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Oslovil m\u011b \u0161\u00e9f p\u0159estupkov\u00e9 komise jednoho m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu se zaj\u00edmavou kauzou. V r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e1n\u00ed se vin\u00edk doznal ke v\u0161em sv\u00fdm h\u0159\u00edch\u016fm a zav\u00e1zal se \u0161kodu uhradit. Podepsal ve\u0161ker\u00e9 dokumenty a zmizel. O n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f pozd\u011bji, kdy\u017e se po\u0161kozen\u00e1 strana dom\u00e1hala pln\u011bn\u00ed, vin\u00edk \u0159ekl, \u017ee o ni\u010dem nev\u00ed. Po\u0161kozen\u00fd se obr\u00e1til na \u0161\u00e9fa p\u0159estupkov\u00e9 komise a ten s hr\u016fzou zjistil, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z dokument\u016f nen\u00ed podepsan\u00fd!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dopady pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mizej\u00edc\u00edho inkoustu jsou nedoz\u00edrn\u00e9: od v\u00fdslech\u016f na policii, p\u0159es sv\u011bdectv\u00ed u soudu a p\u0159evody majetku, po sm\u011bnky\u2026 A proto\u017ee nen\u00ed nikoho zb\u011bhlej\u0161\u00edho ve v\u011bcech pr\u00e1va ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1v\u011b ne\u017e Andrea Kov\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1, tajemnice M\u011b\u00da Bu\u010dovice, oslovil jsem ji s prosbou o zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, jak to vlastn\u011b (ne)funguje.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Radim Martynek<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedu si takto jednoho dne sv\u00fdm autem s\u00a0uspokojen\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm 30stup\u0148ov\u00e9m horku m\u00e1m v\u0161e spln\u011bno. Sice si vezu pr\u00e1ci dom\u016f\u2026 A s\u00a0povzdechem se pod\u00edv\u00e1m na slo\u017eku, kter\u00e1 le\u017e\u00ed na sedadle spolujezdce. V\u0161ichni \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci smlouvu ve slo\u017ece podepsali (a \u017ee jich bylo!), tak\u017ee m\u011b \u010dek\u00e1 jen kontrola, kter\u00e1 mi zabere p\u00e1r minut. Zam\u011b\u0159\u00edm pozornost na podpisy a marn\u011b je na dokumentu hled\u00e1m\u2026 Kde jsou?! V\u016fbec nech\u00e1pu, co se stalo\u2026 Vzala jsem z\u00a0domu n\u011bjak\u00e9 pero a dv\u011b hodiny \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky obch\u00e1zela. A v\u00a0tom okam\u017eiku mi to dojde! Mizej\u00edc\u00ed inkoust! Neodolal teplu a m\u00e1 dvouhodinov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce je fu\u010d!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u011b \u010dekaj\u00ed pouze dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b hodiny, abych smluvn\u00ed strany znovu nav\u0161t\u00edvila. A co kdy\u017e budu v situaci, \u017ee u\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 podpis zajistit? Nebo h\u016f\u0159e \u2013 protistrana u\u017e mi dokument podruh\u00e9 nepodep\u00ed\u0161e? P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli jste n\u011bkdy nad t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm V\u00e1\u0161 klient \u017e\u00e1dost (o cokoliv) podepisuje?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee by m\u011bla obec pou\u017e\u00edvat ur\u010dit\u00e9 typy tisk\u00e1ren \u010di per, aby byl dokument trvanliv\u00fd nebo alespo\u0148 aby se jeho trvanlivost o p\u00e1r m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, ide\u00e1ln\u011b let, prodlou\u017eila. A mnoho dokument\u016f, kter\u00e9 obec vytvo\u0159\u00ed, jsou archiv\u00e1lie. Po uplynut\u00ed skarta\u010dn\u00ed lh\u016fty dokumenty b\u011b\u017e\u00ed (samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u017ee neb\u011b\u017e\u00ed, nechaj\u00ed se odv\u00e9zt) do st\u00e1tn\u00edho archivu. A tam zase le\u017e\u00ed, dokud lh\u016fta b\u011b\u017e\u00ed. A le\u017eet by m\u011bly tak, aby byly st\u00e1le \u010diteln\u00e9. To je jeden d\u016fvod. Druh\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nutnost prok\u00e1zat n\u011bjakou skute\u010dnost v dokumentu uvedenou.<\/strong> Ale ona ta skute\u010dnost u\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt d\u00e1vno pry\u010d \u2013 jednodu\u0161e zmizela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci obce jsme schopni nastavit vnit\u0159n\u00ed pravidla tak, aby k takov\u00e9 situaci nedo\u0161lo \u2013 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me kvalitn\u00ed pap\u00edry, inkousty \u010di lasery a vhodn\u00e1 pera. Ale co klient? Jak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jemu zabr\u00e1n\u00edme, aby n\u00e1m dokument podepsal pr\u00e1v\u011b takov\u00fdm mizej\u00edc\u00edm inkoustem? Ono se taky m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee to ud\u011bl\u00e1 schv\u00e1ln\u011b. Te\u010f n\u00e1s pot\u0159ebuje, tak\u017ee se podep\u00ed\u0161e, ale pak je vd\u011b\u010dn\u00fd, \u017ee jeho podpis na dokumentu chyb\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pesimist\u00e9 \u0159eknou, \u017ee pokud to \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis neukl\u00e1d\u00e1, co\u017e je pravda, tak to hod\u00edm za hlavu a budu d\u00e1l klidn\u011b sp\u00e1t. A m\u00e1 pravdu. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis neukl\u00e1d\u00e1 klientovi povinnost podepsat dokument n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, co chceme my jako obec.<\/strong> A to proto, \u017ee povinnosti lze ukl\u00e1dat jen na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona a nikdo nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt nucen \u010dinit to, co z\u00e1kon neukl\u00e1d\u00e1 (toliko \u010dl. 4 odst. 1 a \u010dl. 2 odst. 3 usnesen\u00ed \u010d. 2\/1993 Sb., o vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Listiny z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v a svobod jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti \u00fastavn\u00edho po\u0159\u00e1dku \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u017ee co? Vl\u00eddn\u011b nab\u00eddnu sv\u00e9 pero, o jeho\u017e kvalit\u011b z pohledu trvanlivosti jsem sk\u00e1lopevn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00e1, a pokud odm\u00edtne, tak ho nezatknu a ani nebudu nutit pod v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017ekou pokuty, ale dokument vezmu kolegyni na podatelnu, ta mi ho zaeviduje v elektronick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu spisov\u00e9 slu\u017eby (co\u017e by m\u011bla tak jako tak) a z obrazu dokumentu mi ud\u011bl\u00e1 konverzi (p\u0159evod) z moci \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed. Tak se mi z analogov\u00e9ho dokumentu podepsan\u00e9ho pochybn\u00fdm perem stane digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dokument s dolo\u017ekou, \u017ee souhlas\u00ed s origin\u00e1lem (prvopisem), kter\u00fd byl v podobn\u011b analogov\u00e9.<\/strong> A m\u00e1m ho na v\u011bky (s trochou nads\u00e1zky samoz\u0159ejm\u011b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A abychom m\u011bli jasno, jak v\u0161echny tyto procesy prov\u00e1d\u011bt, m\u011bli bychom je popsat v na\u0161ich vnit\u0159n\u00edch p\u0159edpisech, ide\u00e1ln\u011b ve spisov\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00fd je vydan\u00fd v obc\u00edch jako povinn\u00e1 sm\u011brnice dle \u00a7 66 odst. 1 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 499\/2004 Sb., o archivnictv\u00ed a spisov\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b a v kontextu \u00a7 110 odst. 4 p\u00edsm. e) z\u00e1kona \u010d. 128\/2000 Sb., o obc\u00edch (obecn\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trvanlivost\u00ed se zlehka (ale okrajov\u011b a ne\u00fapln\u011b) zab\u00fdv\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka k z\u00e1konu \u010d. 499\/2004 Sb., o archivnictv\u00ed a spisov\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b, tedy vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 259\/2012 Sb., o podrobnostech v\u00fdkonu spisov\u00e9 slu\u017eby (d\u00e1le jen prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka). Ta ve sv\u00e9m \u00a7 8 odst. 5 hovo\u0159\u00ed o trvanlivosti z\u00e1pisu v podac\u00edm den\u00edku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u016fvodce provede z\u00e1pis v eviden\u010dn\u00ed pom\u016fcce srozumiteln\u011b a p\u0159ehledn\u011b a v eviden\u010dn\u00ed pom\u016fcce veden\u00e9 v listinn\u00e9 podob\u011b tak\u00e9 \u010diteln\u011b a zp\u016fsobem zaru\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm trvanlivost z\u00e1pisu.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro jin\u00e9 dokumenty bohu\u017eel trvanlivost z\u00e1pisu neur\u010duje. Ani (kupodivu!) z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edpis vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se na soukromopr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fakony, tedy z\u00e1kon \u010d. 89\/2012 Sb., ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk, kter\u00fd upravuje podepisov\u00e1n\u00ed, nehovo\u0159\u00ed o ni\u010dem tak velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9m jako trvanlivosti podpisu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1vo stanovit pravidla podepisov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 obci tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky, a to v \u00a7 17 odst. 1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u0159ejnopr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u016fvodce stanov\u00ed podm\u00ednky podepisov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2026 ve spisov\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1du.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obec tedy m\u016f\u017ee do spisov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du vlo\u017eit v\u011btu typu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Listinn\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt podeps\u00e1no st\u00e1l\u00fdm, nesmazateln\u00fdm inkoustem (modr\u00fdm nebo \u010dern\u00fdm); podpis proveden\u00fd r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pery s mizej\u00edc\u00edm \u010di gumovateln\u00fdm inkoustem se nepova\u017euje za vlastnoru\u010dn\u00ed podpis zaru\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed trvanlivost z\u00e1pisu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Takov\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed je v mez\u00edch z\u00e1kona, proto\u017ee konkretizuje povinnost ulo\u017eenou vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou (trvanlivost) a neukl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u017eadateli nic nav\u00edc, ne\u017e co je k dosa\u017een\u00ed tohoto c\u00edle nezbytn\u00e9. Vymahatelnost je ov\u0161em polemick\u00e1. Nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00edme-li \u017eadatele, pak jedinou ochranou je pr\u00e1v\u011b okam\u017eit\u00e1 konverze dokumentu a ulo\u017een\u00ed v digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podob\u011b, kde podpis z\u016fstane st\u00e1le oproti jeho analogov\u00e9 sest\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci vyd\u00e1van\u00e9ho vnit\u0159n\u00edho p\u0159edpisu se m\u016f\u017eeme d\u00e1le op\u0159\u00edt o \u010cSN 01 6910 \u00daprava dokument\u016f zpracovan\u00fdch textov\u00fdmi editory. Zde tak\u00e9 najdeme ale jen letmou zm\u00ednku, a to v r\u00e1mci psan\u00ed adres v kapitole 14.4.2. Zde je zakotveno, \u017ee adresa mus\u00ed b\u00fdt naps\u00e1na tak, aby nemohlo doj\u00edt k jej\u00edmu vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed. Sl\u00e1va! Adrese normotv\u016frci d\u00e1vaj\u00ed vysokou d\u016fle\u017eitost! Na podpis, ale i na ostatn\u00ed text trochu zapomn\u011bli. Ale pozor \u2013 \u010desk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed normy nejsou z\u00e1vazn\u00e9, ale doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed. Proto ta ostra\u017eitost v\u016f\u010di nucen\u00ed klienta k podpisu n\u011b\u010d\u00edm, co nechce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andrea Kov\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1, lektorka semin\u00e1\u0159\u016f s problematikou pr\u00e1va ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1v\u011b<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek byl vytvo\u0159en (z mal\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti) za pomoci um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. <\/em>
Ale uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed zdroj\u016f, to je zase jin\u00e9 t\u00e9ma\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oslovil m\u011b \u0161\u00e9f p\u0159estupkov\u00e9 komise jednoho m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu se zaj\u00edmavou kauzou. V r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e1n\u00ed se vin\u00edk doznal ke v\u0161em sv\u00fdm h\u0159\u00edch\u016fm a zav\u00e1zal se \u0161kodu uhradit. Podepsal ve\u0161ker\u00e9 dokumenty a zmizel. O n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f pozd\u011bji, kdy\u017e se po\u0161kozen\u00e1 strana dom\u00e1hala pln\u011bn\u00ed, vin\u00edk \u0159ekl, \u017ee o ni\u010dem nev\u00ed. Po\u0161kozen\u00fd se obr\u00e1til na \u0161\u00e9fa p\u0159estupkov\u00e9 komise a ten…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-z-prace"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2684"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2684\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2686,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2684\/revisions\/2686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radim.martynek.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}